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CULTIVARS AND VARIETIES

Because of the hard seeds though the aril is pleasant, consumption of pomegranate has been a tedious and boredom process for centuries.  But due to evolution of soft seeded genotypes, there is a great increase in the consumption rate of this fruit. 

Hard seeded types: 
Kandhari :  Fruits are large with deep red rind, aril deep blood red or deep pink with sweet, slightly acidic juice.  Seeds are very hard.  
Musker Red :  Medium sized fruits with medium thick red rinds.  Aril is fleshy with moderately sweet juice, seeds are medium hard. 
Alandi or Vadki :  It possesses medium sized red fruits, aril fleshy, blood red or deep pink with sweet acidic juice.  Seeds are very hard. 
Kabul : Large fruits, dark red with yellow parches, aril dark red fleshy seeds hard with slightly bitter juice.  
Soft seeded types: 
Dholka:This cultivar has large fruits with greenish white rind, whitish to pinkish white, thick, juicy soft arils.  It is the commercial variety of Gujarat.  
Paper Shell: Medium sized fruits with thick rind; arils are fleshy, reddish to pink with sweet juice. Seeds are soft.  
Spanish Ruby :   It has medium sized fruits with thin rind , flesh rose coloured and seeds are soft. 
 Ganesh:   Originally it was identified in Ganesh kind garden, Pune by raising OP seedlings of Alandi and designated as GBG-1.  Has medium sized fruits, aril is pinkish with sweet juice. Seeds are very soft.  Fruit surface smooth, yellow with red tinge, round in shape average fruit weight 325 g, TSS 16.47%, acidity, 0.42% developed at MPKVP, Rahuri, Maharshtra. 
Jothi : (GKVK-1)   At university of Agricultural Sciencs GKVK, Campus, Bangalore, through an evaluation
of mixed OP seedlings of Bessein seedless and Dholka, a promising type GKVK-1 was selected and released.  It possesses at attractive yellowish red fruit colour, medium sized fruits, red aril colour and soft seeds.  Its yield potentials is 18 tonnes / ha.  
Yercaud-1 (YCD-1)   At Horticultural Research Station, Yercaud, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University one
superior type (ACC. No. 455) was selected with soft seeds and deep purple aril color.  This was found suitable to mid elevation of Shevroys hills.  The fruits are medium in size with easily peelable rind. Each tree gives 100 – 120 fruits weighing 25 kg.  The average fruit weight is 350 - 400 gm.
CO-1: It is a selection developed at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore with purple aril and soft seeds. 
Miridula : 
Developed at MPKVP, Rahuri through seedlings selection from an open pollinated F population raised after crosses make between Ganesh x Gul-e-Shah Red.  Fruit surface smooth, dark red in colour, round in shape.  Fruit weight about 250 g juice sweet, TSS 16.32%, acidity 0.47%.  Seeds soft than Ganesh.  
 Ruby
A multiple cross hybrid developed at IIHR, Bangalore for aril colour and seed mellowness.  The hybrid develops dark red arils in winter and dark pink or red aril in summer whereas in Ganesh even though the pink or dark pink aril is developed in winter, it is almost white in summer.  Ruby derived certain fruit quality attributes from Ganesh, while genes for red colour of the aril was incorporated from a Russian variety ‘Gulsha Rose Pink’.  The fruit skin colour is reddish brown with green streaks. Rind is thin, arils are bold (37.2 g/100 arils), seed soft (2.19 kg/cm2) each fruit weighs on an average 270 g.  Yield is 16 – 18 tonnes/ha. 
Amlidana

It is an F1 hybrid (Ganesh x Nana) grows well under tropical climate.  With quality fruit attributes Amlidana is superior to sour variety Daru whose trees come up naturally in temperate regions of North India.  Its fruits provide more acidic (16.18%) ‘anardana’ an acidulant commercial product prepared by drying the arils of highly acidic pomegranate which is commercially marketed as condiment in North India for use in culinary preparations which serves the purpose of dried green mango (amachur) and tamarind for souring curry, chutney etc.  This hybrid fruits weigh 120 g each with pink bold arils.  It yields 56 fruits / tree.  Trees are short statured and hence suited for HDP which will give higher fruit yield / unit area.   
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Pomegranate

Introduction

Common Name: Anar

Botanical Name: Punica Granatum

Origin: Iran, Afghanistan, India

The pomegranate tree is native from Himalayas in northern India to the Iran and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region of Asia, Africa and Europe. An attractive shrub or small tree, to 20 or 30 ft recorded height, the pomegranate is much-branched, more or less spiny, and extremely long-lived. It has a strong tendency to sucker from the base. The leaves are evergreen or deciduous, opposite or in whorls of 5 or 6, short-stemmed, oblong-lanceolate. Showy flowers are home on the branch tips singly or as many as 5 in a cluster. The fruit has a tough, leathery skin or rind, basically yellow more or less overlaid with light or deep pink or rich red. The interior is separated by membranous walls and white spongy tissue (rag) into compartments packed with transparent sacs filled with tart, flavourful, fleshy, juicy, red, pink or whitish pulp (technically the aril). In each sac, there is one white or red, angular, soft or hard seed. The seeds represent about 52% of the weight of the whole fruit. The fruit also was used in many ways as it is today and was featured in Egyptian mythology and art, praised in the Old Testament of the Bible and in the Babylonian Talmud, and it was carried by desert caravans for the sake of its thirst-quenching juice. It traveled to central and southern India from Iran about the first century A.D. and was reported growing in Indonesia in 1416. It has been widely cultivated throughout India and drier parts of Southeast Asia, Malaya, the East Indies and tropical Africa. The most important growing regions are Egypt, China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, India, Burma and Saudi Arabia. There are some commercial orchards in Israel on the coastal plain and in the Jordan Valley.

The name "pomegranate" comes from two Latin words for "seeded" and "apple", which makes a lot of sense, given that a pomegranate looks like and apple and is full of seeds. The pomegranate fruit grows on a small tree or shrub. The tree is native to the area of Persia in the Middle East, but it is now grown further abroad, including in California and Arizona. The most promising of these is the Wonderful which is the only pomegranate now being grown commercially in California.

The interior seeds are surrounded by spongy pulp, and the mess of them together makes the pomegranate particularly difficult to work with.

Steeped in history and romance and almost in a class by itself, the pomegranate, Punica granatum L., belongs to the family Punicaceae which includes only one genus and two species, the other one, little-known, being P. protopunica Balf. peculiar to the island of Socotra.

Despite its ancient background, the pomegranate has acquired only a relatively few commonly recognized vernacular names apart from its many regional epithets in India, most of which are variations on the Sanskrit dadimaor dalim, and the Persian dulim or dulima. By the French it is called grenade; by the Spanish, granada (the fruit), granado (the plant); by the Dutch, granaatappel, and Germans, granatapfel; by the Italians, melogranato, melograno granato, pomo granato, or pomo punico. In Indonesia, it is gangsalan; in Thailand, tab tim; and in Malaya, delima. Brazilians know it as roma, romeira or romazeira. The Quecchi Indian name in Guatemala is granad. The Samoan name is limoni. The generic term, Punica, was the Roman name for Carthage from whence the best pomegranates came to Italy.