Showing posts with label pomegranate cultivation in kerala. Show all posts
Showing posts with label pomegranate cultivation in kerala. Show all posts

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CLIMATIC AND SOIL REQUIREMENTS

Despite adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions, pomegranate yields the best quality fruits in areas of cool winter and hot dry summer (which is prevalent in Baluchisthan, Afghanistan and Iran).  Right from sea level upto 1850 metres, it  can be successfully grown.  It is fairly tolerant to low temperature, of course with differences among varieties.  For proper fruit development and maturity and sweetness, a temperature of 35 – 38 0 C is needed.  Under humid condition the quality gets affected.  At higher elevation and areas of low temperature during winter the tree behaves as a deciduous one.  It is not very specific about its soil requirement.  However, in deep loamy or alluvial soil it gives very good yield.  It can tolerate salinity and alkalinity in the soil to certain extent. 
The species is primarily mild-temperate to subtropical and naturally adapted to regions with cool winters and hot summers, but certain types are grown in home dooryards in tropical areas, such as various islands of the Bahamas and West Indies. In southern Florida, fruit development is enhanced after a cold winter. Elsewhere in the United States, The pomegranate can be grown outdoors as far north as Washington County, Utah, and Washington, D.C., though it doesn't fruit in the latter locations. It can be severely injured by temperatures below 12º F (-11.11ºC). The plant favors a semi-arid climate and is extremely drought -tolerant.
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PROPAGATION

Pomegranate seeds germinate readily even when merely thrown onto the surface of loose soil and the seedlings spring up with vigor. However, to avoid seedling variation, selected cultivars are usually reproduced by means of hardwood cuttings 10 to 20 in (25-50 cm) long. Treatment with 50 ppm. indole-butyric acid and planting at a moisture level of 15.95% greatly enhances root development and survival. The cuttings are set in beds with 1 or 2 buds above the soil for 1 year, and then transplanted to the field. Grafting has never been successful but branches may be air-layered and suckers from a parent plant can be taken up and transplanted.
PLANTING SEASON
Its best to buy pomegranate shrub cuttings from a local nursery. The cuttings should be approximately fifteen inches in length. Pomegranate trees will yield fruit approximately three years after planting.
SPACING IN PLANTS

High density planting is adopted in temperate regions. A spacing of 5-6 m. in northern India and also in the plains of Deccan plateau is usually followed.  High density planting with a spacing gives 2-2.5 times more yield than that obtained when the normal planting distance of 5 X 5 m. is adopted. Farmers have adopted a spacing of 2.5 X 4.5 m. Closer spacing increases disease and pest incidence.
ACI Agro Solution
ISO 22000-2005,ISO 9001:2008, FSSAI, SSI, Seeds, Spice Board Of India, WHO GMP & NPOP, USDA, SGS organic certified.
Add.: J-507, AB, Sarna Dungar Industrial Area JAIPUR (RAJ.) 302012
MOB NO. +91-7597920642, +91 9414246808, +91-9314507433 (Neeraj Bhatnagar)
email: info@aciagro.com, director@aciaagro.com , marketing@aciagro.com
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PLANTING METHOD


Pits of 60 cm x 6o cm x 60 cm size are dug at a spacing of 4 to 5 M between rows and 2 M within the rows,  So that higher yield can be obtained during first 5 years. After 5 years, alternate plant within the row can be removed so as to maintain 4 x 4 M or 5x 4 M.  Before planting, each pit should be filled up with 20 kg of FYM and top soil. Cuttings/air layers are then planted and staked. Irrigation is provided immediately after planting.
Rooted cuttings or seedlings are set out in pre-fertilized pits 2 ft (60 cm) deep and wide and are spaced 12 to 18 ft (3.5-5.5 m) apart, depending on the fertility of the soil. Initially, the plants are cut back to 24 to 30 in (60-75 cm) in height and after they branch out the lower branches are pruned to provide a clear main stem. Inasmuch as fruits are borne only at the tips of new growth, it is recommended that, for the first 3 years, the branches be judiciously shortened annually to encourage the maximum number of new shoots on all sides, prevent straggly development, and achieve a strong, well-framed plant. After the 3rd year, only suckers and dead branches are removed.

For good fruit production, the plant must be irrigated. In Israel, brackish water is utilized with no adverse effect. In California, irrigation water is supplied by overhead sprinklers which also provide frost protection during cold spells. The pomegranate may begin to bear in 1 year after planting out, but 2 1/2 to 3 years is more common.
ACI Agro Solution
ISO 22000-2005,ISO 9001:2008, FSSAI, SSI, Seeds, Spice Board Of India, WHO GMP & NPOP, USDA, SGS organic certified.
Add.: J-507, AB, Sarna Dungar Industrial Area JAIPUR (RAJ.) 302012
MOB NO. +91-7597920642, +91 9414246808, +91-9314507433 (Neeraj Bhatnagar)
email: info@aciagro.com, director@aciaagro.com , marketing@aciagro.com
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Pomegranate

Introduction

Common Name: Anar

Botanical Name: Punica Granatum

Origin: Iran, Afghanistan, India

The pomegranate tree is native from Himalayas in northern India to the Iran and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region of Asia, Africa and Europe. An attractive shrub or small tree, to 20 or 30 ft recorded height, the pomegranate is much-branched, more or less spiny, and extremely long-lived. It has a strong tendency to sucker from the base. The leaves are evergreen or deciduous, opposite or in whorls of 5 or 6, short-stemmed, oblong-lanceolate. Showy flowers are home on the branch tips singly or as many as 5 in a cluster. The fruit has a tough, leathery skin or rind, basically yellow more or less overlaid with light or deep pink or rich red. The interior is separated by membranous walls and white spongy tissue (rag) into compartments packed with transparent sacs filled with tart, flavourful, fleshy, juicy, red, pink or whitish pulp (technically the aril). In each sac, there is one white or red, angular, soft or hard seed. The seeds represent about 52% of the weight of the whole fruit. The fruit also was used in many ways as it is today and was featured in Egyptian mythology and art, praised in the Old Testament of the Bible and in the Babylonian Talmud, and it was carried by desert caravans for the sake of its thirst-quenching juice. It traveled to central and southern India from Iran about the first century A.D. and was reported growing in Indonesia in 1416. It has been widely cultivated throughout India and drier parts of Southeast Asia, Malaya, the East Indies and tropical Africa. The most important growing regions are Egypt, China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, India, Burma and Saudi Arabia. There are some commercial orchards in Israel on the coastal plain and in the Jordan Valley.

The name "pomegranate" comes from two Latin words for "seeded" and "apple", which makes a lot of sense, given that a pomegranate looks like and apple and is full of seeds. The pomegranate fruit grows on a small tree or shrub. The tree is native to the area of Persia in the Middle East, but it is now grown further abroad, including in California and Arizona. The most promising of these is the Wonderful which is the only pomegranate now being grown commercially in California.

The interior seeds are surrounded by spongy pulp, and the mess of them together makes the pomegranate particularly difficult to work with.

Steeped in history and romance and almost in a class by itself, the pomegranate, Punica granatum L., belongs to the family Punicaceae which includes only one genus and two species, the other one, little-known, being P. protopunica Balf. peculiar to the island of Socotra.

Despite its ancient background, the pomegranate has acquired only a relatively few commonly recognized vernacular names apart from its many regional epithets in India, most of which are variations on the Sanskrit dadimaor dalim, and the Persian dulim or dulima. By the French it is called grenade; by the Spanish, granada (the fruit), granado (the plant); by the Dutch, granaatappel, and Germans, granatapfel; by the Italians, melogranato, melograno granato, pomo granato, or pomo punico. In Indonesia, it is gangsalan; in Thailand, tab tim; and in Malaya, delima. Brazilians know it as roma, romeira or romazeira. The Quecchi Indian name in Guatemala is granad. The Samoan name is limoni. The generic term, Punica, was the Roman name for Carthage from whence the best pomegranates came to Italy.